This book contributes to the empirical closure of the research gap concerning the local impacts of the new global wave of corporate social responsibility (CSR) in mining. Focusing on corporate and local narratives from Kenya, the book evaluates the credibility of claims that the engagement of responsible mining companies in developing countries in Africa entails overwhelmingly positive changes in the lives of poor and marginalised people. The books analytical framework derives from a critical conceptualisation of the local level development promises propagated by the global advocates of responsible mining projects. Its constructivist-comparative methodology is based on a critical review of established impact assessment practices used in mining. This books principal finding is that even though local people notice and appreciate managerial shifts towards increased social responsibility, the development claims made by company management bodies are not credible because local people do not believe that responsible mining-induced development has ever occurred in their lives. The book closes with an explanation of how its findings may enrich scholarly debates and political discourse about the curses and blessings of industrial resource extraction.